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Modern technology in cattle waste management and development of leather industry in Bangladesh.

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Bangladesh is a Muslim-majority country. Eid is the main religious festival of about 90 percent Muslims in this country. In which many cows, buffaloes, goats and sheep are slaughtered on Eid-ul-Adha. According to livestock, about 15 million cows, buffaloes, goats and sheep are sacrificed every year. Most of the animals are slaughtered at this time of the year. With the slaughter of animals, it is as important to preserve the skin as it is to remove the waste. When waste management is not done properly, valuable organic matter is misused as it harms the environment. Proper waste management is very important for this.
Here are the things to look for when selecting a waste manager:

  1. Slaughtering animals in specific places without slaughtering animals there.
  2. Cultivation land can be selected for slaughter if possible or in one's own backyard.
  3. Where slaughter is to be done, separate small holes should be dug to collect blood before slaughter.
  4. After slaughter, the blood should be poured into the hole by making small drains.
  5. Then the blood has to be ground so that after a few days it turns into blood fertilizer, which acts like urea fertilizer. It contains about 10 percent nitrogen.
    . Again, this blood can be dried and powdered and fed to the chickens as a bread meal with about 50% protein.
    . Now the entrails which are not eaten by human beings can be used as a delicacy of fish without leaving them there or they can be decomposed in a hole to make organic manure.
    . Unnecessary bones and hooves can also be used, such as bone meal by making bonemill through bone machines and fed to chickens and cows, which act as a source of calcium.
  6. Any unnecessary waste should be dug in the ground so that the environment remains clean.
    This leather is very valuable, if this leather can be used properly, the leather industry will be greatly improved. Many times after slaughter, if the skin is not properly managed, the environment becomes polluted.
    Leather use:
  7. Leather can be used to make footwear such as shoes, sandals which are very durable expensive.
  8. Clothing is made from leather such as clothes, coats, pants which are very valuable in winter major countries.
  9. The cover is made of leather which acts as a cover for a valuable book or any other object.
  10. Leather belts, watch belts, wallets and various types of bags are made of leather which are very durable and very beautiful to look at.
  11. Leather can be used to make a variety of toys such as footballs, basketballs, racquets.
    . The use of leather can be increased by making different types of drums and musical instruments with leather. These are used especially in China, Japan.
    . Glue is made from special parts of the skin which have extensive use.
    Skin preservation:
    Leather is a very valuable resource. Billions of rupees are earned every year by exporting leather and leather products. Therefore, in order to keep the quality of valuable leather correct or free from defects, it is necessary to preserve the skin by following a few rules.
    There are three main ways to preserve skin. E.g.
    Drying
    Drying is done in four ways.
  12. Drying on the soil: Spread the sack on the soil and keep the skin tight on it. However, care should be taken so that the chicken does not go and no animal can do any damage to the skin.
  13. Hanging and drying: In many cases, the skin can be dried by tying the skin with tree branches.
  14. Drying on rope or wire: Since the skin is heavy, two poles should be fastened at both ends to hang the skin, then a wire or stiff rope should be tied a little higher. Now you have to put the skin on the wire.
  15. Tent drying: To dry the skin, a bamboo or iron tent shaped cage should be made and then the skin can be dried by placing the skin on the cage.
    Preserve by salt
    In order to preserve the skin properly in this method, it is necessary to preserve the skin by following a few steps such as-
  16. First the skin should be washed thoroughly with clean water.
  17. By trimming, the flesh, fat and membranes attached to the skin should be removed or salt will not go everywhere.
  18. Remove a handful of salt from the skin and rub it well with your hands. Apply salt evenly everywhere.
  19. If you suck the salt applied for the first time, you have to spread the salt once more.
  20. Usually 5-6 kg of salt is required for cow skin and 1.5-2 kg for goat and sheep.
    Pickling method
    This method makes the skin fibers more receptive which is good for tanning. It causes skin acidity or PS3. This allows chromium tannin to enter the skin. Salt is added so that the skin is not slippery. Fungicides and bactericides are used on the skin to prevent it from rotting. Sulfuric acid is used in the pickling method and this method can preserve the skin for a long time.
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