Lady's finger cultivation in Bangladesh, its disease and its cure.

Potatoes are one of the summer vegetables of Bangladesh. As a vegetable, it is everyone's favorite. It contains high levels of vitamins, calcium, potassium and minerals. Potato seeds contain high quality oil and meat. Potatoes are very useful in diarrhea, constipation and stomach ailments. Again, rope can be made from the fiber of potato tree. But this popular vegetable is affected by several harmful diseases. If those diseases can be controlled, the yield of potato will increase a lot. The following are some of the important diseases and their remedies.

1. Name of the disease: Fusarial wilt disease
   Causes of the disease: The disease is caused by a fungus called Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vesinfectum.
   Spread of the disease: The fungi mainly carry soil and attack other crops. If there is more organic manure in the soil and there is paddy straw in the soil, the prevalence of germs increases. The severity of the disease usually increases when the soil temperature rises (28-30 সে C) and there is sufficient moisture. Water spreads from infected crop land to healthy crop fields through irrigation.
   Symptoms of the disease: This disease can occur at any stage of the growth of the potato plant. However, it is more common in seedlings. In the early stages the growth of the tree is reduced and the leaves turn yellow. When the onset of the disease is high, the leaves wilt and finally the tree dies.
   If the roots of the affected tree are cut vertically, black spots can be seen on its transport tissues.
   Remedy: Crop stage should be adopted. Potato seeds should be sown before the monsoon, i.e. between February-March. Disease resistant varieties like Bari Dhendas 1 should be cultivated.

Abandoned parts of the crop should be burnt. Lime should be applied to the land.
Applying appropriate amount of potash fertilizer on the land reduces the disease. Root gut worms need to be suppressed as it helps in the penetration of fungi. Carbendazim group fungicides (e.g. Autostin) or Carboxin + Thiram group fungicides (e.g. Provax 200 WP) should be mixed at the rate of 2.5 g per kg of seed. Carbendazim group fungicides (e.g. Autostine) should be mixed at the rate of 2 g per liter of water and sprayed 2-3 times at the base of the plant every 7-10 days.

1. Disease name: Foot and stem rot disease
   Causes of the disease: The disease is caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina.
   Spread of the disease: The disease is transmitted by seeds, soil and air. The use of hot and humid weather, excess nitrogen and less potash fertilizer increases the incidence of this disease. Although the temperature of the soil is high (40 degrees Celsius), the disease is more prevalent.
   Symptoms: The disease usually appears in May and is severe in June-July.
   The roots of the trees adjacent to the soil become soft and rot. Picnidia can be seen as black dots on infected roots and roots. The entire plant dries out in 2-3 days under favorable conditions for disease development.
   Remedy: Healthy seeds should be sown. The grain stage has to be resorted to. At the beginning of the season, the field trees should be uprooted and burnt. Potato seeds should be sown before the monsoon, i.e. between February-March. Disease resistant varieties like Bari Dhendas 1 should be cultivated.
   Carbendazim group fungicides (e.g. Autostin) or Carboxin + Thiram group fungicides (e.g. Provax 200 WP) should be mixed at the rate of 2.5 gm per kg of seed.
   Fungicides of Mencozeb group (e.g. Dithene M45) at the rate of 2 gm per liter of water or fungicides of copper oxychloride group (e.g. Sunvit 50 WP) at the rate of 5 gm per liter of water should be sprayed 2-3 times in 7 days.

1. Disease name: vein clearing or yellow vein mosaic (vein clearing or yellow vein mosaic) disease
   Cause of the disease: This disease is caused by a virus.
   Spread of the disease: The disease is caused by sowing the collected seeds of the infected potato plant. The disease is transmitted by whiteflies as an alternative host to the disease in humid climates. The disease spreads to healthy plants through pollination and agricultural machinery.
   Symptoms: The disease can occur at any age of the plant. The veins of the infected leaves become transparent. When the disease is severe, the whole leaf turns yellow, the leaves become smaller and the tree becomes shorter. As a result of disease, the flowers of the tree are less, the fruits are small in size, hard and yellowish green in color.
   Remedy: Disease resistant varieties like Bari Dhendas 1 should be cultivated. Diseased trees should be picked up and burnt as soon as they are seen.
   Seeds cannot be collected from infected trees for sowing next year.
   To control whiteflies, imidacloprid group pesticides (such as Admeyer or Emitaf) should be mixed at the rate of 0.5 ml per liter of water and sprayed 2-3 times in 7 days.