Wheat is the second major food grain in Bangladesh. It is highly nutritious and is used in many foods. It is more convenient to cultivate wheat as compared to Boro paddy and other winter crops, such as less water consumption, less attack of diseases and insects, environmentally friendly etc. At present, the country is producing only 11.53 lakh tonnes against the annual demand of 60 lakh tonnes. Due to the multifaceted use of wheat and changes in people's eating habits, the demand is increasing at a rate of about 15% per year. Despite the adverse weather conditions, the adoption of high yielding new varieties of wheat and modern production techniques by the farmers has recently increased the productivity of wheat and the average yield per hectare has increased to 3.26 tons in the 2016-17 season. Nonetheless, there is no alternative to further increasing wheat productivity across the country in line with the needs of the growing population in the country. This requires widespread introduction of modern varieties and crop management technologies tolerant of changing climate.
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The selection of good varieties is very important for the production of any crop. Newly developed varieties of wheat are generally more productive than old varieties. In addition to the high yielding quality, the new varieties of wheat have the notable features:
Heat tolerant: Although the intensity and durability of winter is low, the yield does not decrease much. Late sowing also yields as expected. The leaves remain green and mature grains are available till the wheat matures. Immune.
The number of sheafs is more: The number of sheafs per square meter is higher as the amount of effective kushi in the tree is more.
Out of 33 varieties of wheat developed in Bangladesh, 9 varieties of wheat that have been developed since 2010 are giving good yields even in the changed climate. However, as Bari wheat 28 is susceptible to blast disease in wheat, it is safe and better to cultivate Bari wheat 30 (wheat blast tolerant) and Bari wheat 33 (wheat blast resistant) varieties without planting in blast prone areas of Bangladesh, especially in the southern part of the country. Moreover, 33 varieties of barley wheat are rich in zinc (50-55 mg / kg of zinc in grains) and do not tilt easily.
Seed treatment: Before sowing, seeds should be treated by mixing Provax-200WP fungicide at the rate of 3 gm per kg of seed. If the seeds are purified and sown, the seed borne pathogens will be suppressed and the yield will also increase. The seeds supplied with the insects are refined for display.
Land preparation and sowing of seeds: The land should be prepared by plowing and weeding with power tiller or tractor. Apply the prescribed amount of fertilizer before the last cultivation with a light tillage and ladder 20 cm. (8 inches) Seeds should be sown in rows. Suitable time for sowing seeds is 1-15 agrahayan (15-30 November). Seed rate: 50-60 kg / acre.
Amount of fertilizer (per acre): Urea ঃ 90 kg (initial application 60 kg and top application 30 kg), TSP: 55 kg, MOP: 40 kg, gypsum: 45 kg, boric acid: 3.00 kg.
Fertilizer application method: 2/3 of the prescribed urea fertilizer and all other fertilizers should be applied to the land before the last cultivation and mixed in the soil with light cultivation and ladder. The remaining 1/3 of urea should be applied after the first irrigation (within 18-21 days of sowing). Applying 3000 kg dung or compost manure per acre at the beginning of cultivation will give good yield.
Irrigation Application: Wheat cultivation usually requires 2-3 irrigations depending on the soil type. First Irrigation: First irrigation should be given in three leaf stage (within 18-21 days of sowing). If there is excess juice in the soil, this irrigation should be given after a few days. Second irrigation: Second irrigation should be given before sheaf emergence (within 50-55 days of sowing).
Third Irrigation: In the early stage of germination (within 60-65 days of sowing) third irrigation should be given. In order to get good yield in light sandy or sandy loam soils, additional 1-2 irrigations may be required in addition to the prescribed irrigation. If irrigation or rain water collects, drainage should be done immediately. Therefore, after sowing the seeds, for drainage of water, the slope of the land should be understood and the ditches should be cut at intervals of about 20 feet so that the water comes out easily after irrigation or rain. Under no circumstances can water be retained in the land.
604.009 SRY