When the connective parts of a tree (primordial and subgroup) are joined together and grow as a single tree, it is called graft and this process is called graftage. Graftage is the general or collective method of grafting and each of its methods is called grafting. The principle of graftage is the interconnection of two living plant parts. Mangoes can be propagated in both sexual and asexual ways. The quality of the mother plant is not intact in the seedlings produced from the seeds and it also takes a long time to bear fruit. For this, it is propagated through pen. In our country, fruit trees are usually propagated from April to August. In the case of mangoes, however, they are propagated by twin pens, especially cleft and veneer pens. In Bangladesh, top work is usually done to convert undeveloped trees into developed trees. However, under notch and bark grafting, undeveloped trees can be converted into improved varieties and fruit trees. In this case, if an old and underdeveloped tree is transformed into an improved tree by grafting notch or bark by several good varieties, it will be possible to get several fruits from the same tree. Notch and bark grafting is relatively easy and less expensive and has a higher success rate.
Research results
A study conducted by the Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Atomic Agriculture Research Institute (BINA) found that 3 5-year-olds, 3 10-year-olds, 3 15-year-olds and 3 20-year-old undeveloped mango trees were cut to a height of 1 m. The success rate of Amrapali, Bari Am-4, Bau Am-14 / Banana, Gopalbhog and Bau Am-6 / Polymbryani (5 notch and 5 bark grafting) is 70% notch grafting and 70% in 5 year old trees. Bark grafting, 80% notch grafting and 80% bark grafting on 10 year old trees, 80% notch grafting and 75% bark grafting on 15 year old trees and 50% notch grafting and 80% bark grafting on 20 year old trees. Considering the variety, the success rate of notch and bark grafting has been found to be higher in Amrapali variety.
Notch Grafting: Mango, Guava, Kamranga, Apple, Peach, Cherry and almost all fruit trees can be grafted. In most cases, however, it is used to replace old parts of trees, such as cracked twigs, or to improve old and underdeveloped trees, and to transform fruitless trees into fruit trees. The method of this pen is roughly the same as that of a cracked pair of pens. However, the main difference is that no cracks are created in the original pair. Pegs are made in the adijodar and upajode or the head of the adijodar is cut evenly by a saw and the wood is removed by deepening it upwards vertically.
Advantages: The mother plant is capable of giving quality and desired fruits. The old part of the tree can be changed or the old and underdeveloped tree can be improved. Cutting does not require much care and maintenance as it does not require water, humidity and temperature control. Disease, pest resistant and environment tolerant trees are found. Many pens in short range and relatively low cost. Anyone can do this pen as it does not require any technical knowledge or skills. Moreover, the tree grows from this pen in a short time flowers and fruits.
Notch and bark grafting / pen time: March-August, but can be done by the end of September if air humidity is high. That means the rainy season is the most suitable time to pen.
Sion or subdivision selection
Sion's age must be full. The selected subdivision or sion must be collected from an excellent, desirable and well-known variety of fruit tree. Since the top branch is always low in carbohydrate storage, it is never advisable to select it for subdivision, and subdivision with flowers and buds should also be avoided. Generally healthy, fresh, vigorous, short, mid-season 5-6 months old and the best growing branch of the current season as a subdivision or sion. When the leaves of the current season are dark green, the tips of the stalks will swell or sprout and the disease will be free from pests and insects and at the same time the shape of the stalks will be considered as suitable seedlings. The selected cyan branches should be cut along with the buds and all the leaves except the dormant buds at the apex should be cut off. Sion length 10-15 cm. Or should be 4-6 inches. If you want to make a small number of pens, you have to select Sion from the south side of the mother tree. Sion can be taken from all directions if it is more. Very old or very young Sion should be excluded.
Notch grafting pen method:
In this method, old, underdeveloped and infertile trees are first cut down from the root at a distance of 1 m or at a convenient place. The head is then cut evenly by a saw. Then copper fungicide / tar is given to the cut part so that no disease attacks. The bark is then removed from the cut part vertically about 2 inches in length and peeled off with some wood. At a similar size, the lower end of the sub-joint is cut like a peg and placed neatly on the cut part of the original joint. Care should be taken so that the bark of Adijor and Upajor blends well.
Sion is then tied with polythene ribbon to the original pair. Sion is tied tightly with polythene ribbon over the cut part of the original pair. Sion and adijor are then covered with polythene in such a way that no water enters the cut part. The polythene cover is opened when the bud comes out of the son.
Bark grafting
This is a special form of side approach. This is the simplest and most successful of the various methods of twin pens. Usually when the bark of the tree can be easily separated from the wood, the bark is grafted. The best time for this is spring. This method is similar to notch grafting. The first pair is cut off from the head and 5 cm from the top of the cut edge to the bottom. The bark is loosened by making it long and slightly wide. Then 2-3 buds 12-15 cm. Long and 8-12.5 cm. The diameter is usually chosen for such pens. 5 cm from the lower edge of the subdivision. A cut is given long and diagonally. The subdivision is then placed in the middle of the loose bark of the original pair. Then the whole sion with the attached part should be tied with polythene ribbon. If necessary, twine can be used to tie the sion well to the original pair. In this way multiple pens of more than one variety can be made on one stem.
Regards: Furkan
600.730 SRY