Tulip carpet and art exhibition in Hagia Sophia on symbolic secrets (continuation)

 Like any other direction, calligraphy gradually developed and its rules and laws appeared. Certain styles of writing have been developed. >Kufi is considered to be the starting style of calligraphy. They were angular letters. They easily lay down on any material, for example, on the walls of the mosque. A bit later, and other styles. Clerks very slowly worked on each letter. The thickness and length of the lines were very important.  Painter Fatma Ozcay Mastery of calligraphy can be learned only from a master. Those who passed training (5 years) were given diplomas. Thus, calligraphy was a very deep part of the culture of the Turkish people. In the 11th century it was already possible to use the six writing styles: Kufas Sulus. Nashi Rick " a Thuluth Diwani Muhakkak Nastaliq  Painter Nilüfer Kurtas-Selim Salam It is worth noting that many Ottoman sultans were fond of calligraphy. Masters of this direction are very appreciated. The works of the best writers bought for a lot of money. As it was previously written, Sheikh Hamdullah was able to improve calligraphy. The master was at the court of Sultan Bayazid II. Many mosques in Istanbul were painted by Sheikh Hamdullah. The Museum of calligraphy in Istanbul is located in the madrasa of the Bayazid mosque. And that's not surprising. Sultan himself was a passionate fan of calligraphy.  Painter Nihan Shishman Under the Sultan Ahmed III in the early 18th century stood out for his excellent work calligrapher Seyid Abdullah-Efendi. His secret was also in the special ink that he used.  Painter Menaf Nam You can select the names of calligraphers of historical times: Yesarizade Mustafa Izzet Hafiz Osman Sami-Efendi Mehmet Emin Uskudar  Famous Turkish calligraphers of the 18th-20th centuries: Mustafa Halim Yedikuleli Abd Allah Kamil Akdik The Rankings Darwish Ali  Painter Levent Karaduman Continuing the history of Turkish art, it should be noted that only under Sultan Abdul Aziz (1861-1876) religious stereotypes of isolation have moved. For the first time the Sultan sends artists to study abroad in France. Abdul-Aziz was a great lover of painting. Several artists of the Ottoman Empire for the first time were lucky to know the direction of European art. So gradually opens up a whole world of which Turkish artists looked with great care.  Painter Faruk Tashkent In the medieval period Turkish art formed a big gap compared to the achievements of Western plastic arts. Turkish artist suddenly sees all these riches and endless possibilities. But the old dogmas prevent you to relax and immerse yourself in the mystery of the human soul, to draw and convey all the subtle moments of the image. After so many years it was forbidden to draw humans and animals! Many could not overcome the prohibitions and continued to paint only landscapes. But the new technology gradually became fascinated by Turkish artists. Since then, a new era in Turkish art has begun.  Painter Dr. Mehmet Metis >The first Turkish artist, who boldly begins to draw people - is Osman Handi (1842-1910). Interesting how dogma influence the development of people. We draw some little men and animals from childhood. In Islam, children have been taught since childhood that this is not the case. It's unthinkable! And so many centuries. Of course, Turkish artists imitated Europeans a lot. But otherwise, how much of their inner instincts were kept in a cage. And thinking was clogged with centuries-old stereotypes. Who was more flexible, quickly joined in the freedom of action. So gradually the quantity passed into quality.  Painter Osman Ozcay Since the 20th century, the Turkish art of calligraphy has been gradually losing its position as a favorite. The artists now have thousands of ways and opportunities to Express their inner state not only with the help of letters, words and phrases from the Koran. It remains a part of Islamic artists who continue to engage in calligraphy, but begin to add to their paintings compositions of flowers and other elements.  Painter Savash Chevik Modern calligraphy is the interweaving of many techniques. But there remain Turkish artists who pass their knowledge from generation to generation, preserving the old traditions of historical calligraphy. Currently, many practices are lost. But sincere Turkish connoisseurs of Islamic calligraphy do not let this culture disappear. Research is ongoing and information is collected bit by bit.  Painter Mehmet Metis >I would like to note the famous calligrapher of Turkey, Professor Hussein Oksuz, who was educated by master Hamid Aytach. It is this Professor who is engaged in the revival of Islamic calligraphy throughout his life. Hussein Oksuz studied calligraphy with his teacher and mentor Hamid for 10 years. Only after that he received a permit for teaching. Hussein Oksuz decorated with calligraphy mosque not only in Turkey but also abroad. He has a huge number of disciples who want to follow in his footsteps to preserve the culture of Islam. Calligraphy is the most amazing and the most difficult kind in Islamic art.  Painter Ferhat Kurlu Turkish people cherish their cultural heritage. Exhibitions, trainings and conferences devoted to the art of calligraphy are constantly held. More and more young people are attracted by such a subtle kind of activity. Looking at the paintings in Hagia Sophia, I noticed that many young people are interested in calligraphy. Some long idle at pictures and enthusiastically considered each detail.  Painter Turhan Sevgili From sovremennyh calligraphers of the world can distinguish the following artists: AFASH ABU Hassan, CHOBITKO Pyotr Petrovich, Mohammed, ALEXANDER Ganzorig, ACKOFF Karen, AUGUSTO Tomar, BAKKE Natalia V., KOZUBOVA Nina, AHMED shahnawaz Alam, Mari Emily bohley, VANEAN Samvel borschivs'kyi Abraham-ers, VANCE Julia BRIM Gunnlaugur, DESAI Manohar Vital, ANNUM Muhammad Abdullah, Yevgeny DOBROVINSKY, D"ANASTASIO, Michelle, INGMIRE Thomas, Vera EVSTAFIEVA B., Claudio GIL and others.  Painter Bern Karabulut Kervan Wonderful paintings of these artists, which are distinguished by originality and beauty. Some paintings can be viewed here. You can also compare Turkish calligraphy and works that are not subject to Islamic subjects.  Painter Kadriye Bayraktar That brings me to the end of a short excursion into the culture of Islamic art. Hope this theme will sound a little different now for you.  Photo taken on the iPhone 6S+ Thank you for your attention! Today is another wonderful day! All good sentiments!