Optical Tweezers: The Nobel Prize-winning Technology That Changed Biology

Sample is very important in scientific experimentation. There are some samples that are available everywhere. There are no specimens too rare and some of the specimens are very fragile. If it is six to nine, then the sample gets lost or its normality is lost. Such as DNA or bacterial or virus. These are found in abundance in the world, but during the time of research, their normalcy is lost when they get lime to lime. The result that comes out of a damaged sample will not be right. https://i.postimg.cc/jjvZvPpL/images-4.jpg *[image source](https://physics.aps.org/articles/v11/100)* If anyone wants to monitor DNA or bacteria-virus, then it must be kept on the slide. There are some limitations in such observations. If a sample is to be monitored from the top-bottom, then it becomes difficult. It is not possible to change the sample by turning the sample intact. If the sample is lost or become manipulated from the previous condition. In such a situation, is there any way to find out that the sample can be seen inverted in the opposite direction? In this case, we must go to physics. There is no issue with which physics does not bother. The solution may also be found in physics. Physics may not create a skin that will hold the sample, but it will create a system that will show you the flip side of the specimen. To find out how physics worked in this field, start from the original. First, think about holding objects. The camera has kept watching Tripods really sure. The three pillars on the three sides make the camera permanent. Now consider Tripod's poles as a narrow pipe, through which the wind is blowing at the same speed. The wind in the three directions is being combined in one point. If there is a thin ball left on the same point, then the ball will be floating there in three-pressure pressure. To clarify the matter, see the picture below. It is known at one time that photons can push any object. We are constantly facing photon but why don't you feel shy? In fact, we get really hot but its amount is so insignificant that it does not give any visible results. Moreover, we are in the strong gravitas of the Earth. Where we are dragging such a ball, there will be no result of the photon shock. It is normal. Where the gravitational force does not have a strong impact, the photon shock can be examined exactly. You may have heard of comets. The heavy part of the nucleus and the light part is called the tail. When comet comes to the sun, the tail of the tail never faces the sun. Always stay on the opposite side of the sun. Because the light tail of the light of the sun's light shifts backwards. Scientists take the photons very seriously. Even using the spacecraft designs it, which will lead to the slightest movement of photons. When the Viking spacecraft was sent in 1975, photon crash was brought into account. Viking was sent to Mars by calculating the pressure given by photon. If this calculation was not done, then Viking would go 15,000 kilometers out of the calculated distance. So whether this matter can be used in the world? No heavy material in the world can be blown into the photon, it's okay. But something very small, such as a molecule or an atom or any unifying animal? Arthur Ashkin, a US researcher, was thinking about this issue. Star Trek Series or Star Wars movie was released during his time. How to use the laser beam, how can it be removed from a long distance, how can you destroy an asteroid or even a whole planet in a moment, without touching it. In that time the laser was invented. Shortly after the invention, he went to the study with laser. Soon he can understand that the laser may be used to keep the tiny material not touching. He fell down on the job. Made a few micrometers tiny clear balls and saw that the laser rays float. At that time, he noticed transparent balls were standing in the middle of the laser beam. In the middle of the crossroads, if the laser passes through the cross section Why is it that some of the rules of physics work behind him? Avoid complication, laser intensity is high in this section. The severity of the adjacent areas is curtailed, due to which the position of the transparent force is shaky. So that part of the area is not recycled, it will last forever. There is a little problem here. The ball can move as far as the laser beam is long. Maybe it is in the middle of the beam, but still it can not be stuck in one place. In such a situation, Arthur Ashkin put a lens in the beam. Due to the lens the light gets mixed in a point. The severity of the part in which all the light rays meets is the most intensity. And that part is just a dot. It means that the ball will be stuck at that point and the transparent ball will be stuck. And through this it became the trap of light. It was not caught, it did not touch, the object was kept floating properly. This is called optical tweezer. Then the work started with it. Many scientists began experimenting with microscopic atoms in various ways. But Arthur Ashkin saw this from the other side. He drank his application in biology. He used this test instead of the atom's atom. At one stage, the bacteria go away from the virus. Bacteria are larger and heavier than viruses. That means it is challenging to keep it photogenic. He noticed that the bacteria are floating, but they are dying. If you die then the test can not be completed. Due to the intensity of laser is going to die. In this situation, he used the light laser of infrared light. The bacteria also floated and survived. By doing this, he finds a way out of the bacteria that can not be harmed, even if the skin cells (plasma membranes) can be carried away without any harm. Through this, biology entered into a new world. The very sensitive sample kept for testing can be top-down, shuffle-free, without any touch. This method continues to be used in different branches of biology, different branches of chemistry and in different branches of physics. In 2010, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Arthur Ashkin's contribution. He will receive half of the prize and the other half will get Donna Strickland in Canada and Gerard Morrow of France. Scientists were suffering from a problem with laser application. Many things were done with lasers but nothing was being done in one place, no way was going out of that limitation. This part works in Stratland and morro. To explain their work, we have to write an individual text. In the next article, it will be discussed in detail. Congratulations to the Nobel Prize. And thank them for improving our lives through their work.