Veterinary anatomy! 😍😍😍

Assalamualaikum guys. Today I will discuss about the different types of bones in animals body.....


(I) Irregular bones—These are also small bones with rough and irregular surfaces generally found in the midline of the skeleton. Their so many projections help in the attachment of various muscles. They are composed of spongy substance with thin covering of compact substance, e.g., vertebra. 

(II) Pneumatic bones—Some long bones of birds have cavities inside their bodies which accommodate air through pneumatic foramen in living condition, e.g., Humerus of fowl. In mammals bones situated close to the cranial and nasal cavities which contain air-filled cavities are also considered as pneumatic bones, e.g., Frontal bone, maxilla and ethmoid. 

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(III) Sesamoid bones—These are small sesame (seed) like bones develop within tendon and ossify after birth. These bones have no Haversian system and no periosteum. They work as pully to avoid friction, e.g., proximal sesamoids, patella. (IV) Visceral bones—These are found in the viscera of some animals and birds, e.g., os penis in dog; os cordis in ruminents; os opticus in some fowl; os rostrale in pig; os phrenic in camel, etc. 


Composition of bone Bone is a mineralised connective tissue and the composition varies greatly with the age and ite. It provides rigidity as well as elasticity to the body and therefore, composed of (a) inorganic iineral salts and (b) Organic matters. The approximate ratio between the two substances is 1 : . The Organic matter includes membranes, cells, cartilages, vessels, nerves, fluids and marrow. In mature bone nearly 1/5th of the weight is water. Mineral salt form 60% to 70% and organic iaterials 30% to 40% of the dry weight of bone. Although variable, the bones of ox possess the bone salts in following percentage : Calcium Phosphate 86% Calcium Carbonate 5.8% Magnesium Phosphate 3% Sodium Carbonae and Sodium fluoride, etc. 5.2%