### Dear serey all ##### 3. The birth of new understandings The development of the industrial revolution encouraged the birth of new understandings, namely as follows: ***a. Capitalism*** Capitalism is a notion that argues that to improve the economy, industrial sectors need to be built which are supported by large capital. Mastery of the industrial sector also needs to be supported by the availability of sources of raw materials and extensive marketing areas. This flow developed after the industrial revolution and reached its peak in the 19th century. These capitalists eventually encouraged the development of the national economy, so that Europe quickly reached a very high level of the economy compared to other countries in the world. When other nations were in the grip of colonialism, Europe at the same time was enjoying the prosperity produced by industrialization. In addition, in the economic system, the birth of the capitalist group has encouraged the development of a liberal economy. Capitalists demand that the government not interfere too much in economic life. The economy is entirely left to the market, so it will depend on the supply and demand system. Thus, the economy will be controlled by the capitalist groups.  ***b. Socialism*** The birth of the notion of socialism was caused by the occurrence of bad conditions in social life after the industrial revolution. The flow of socialism strongly opposes the presence of capitalists who are considered to bring misery to the people. The socialists dream of building a classless society, so that all humans can enjoy welfare together. The development of socialism for the first time born in England with its character was Robert Owen (1771-1858). His thoughts on socialism were developed through his book entitled A View of Society, an Essay on the Formation of Human Character. Another figure of socialism is Saint Simon (1760-1825) who put forward the importance of the role of the working class in shaping industrial society. The notion of socialism that can be accepted by the capitalists is the understanding of socialism developed by Pierre Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865). His view of socialism as contained in his work entitled Philosophy de la Misere reveals the importance of voluntary and equitable distribution of property rights between individuals without coercion from any party, including the state. While the understanding of radical socialism was developed by Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels. Das Kapital which is a work from Marx echoes the need for a struggle to create a classless society. Meanwhile, Engels often echoed the slogan of the world proletariat, united. In the end the thoughts of the leaders of radical socialism encouraged the emergence of turmoil against the expansion of the capitalists and wanted the realization of a classless society. In fact, these movements were ultimately directed at realizing a country with a classless society as happened in the October 19 Russian revolution. Radical socialism in the end was more likely to be communist. Please find out more about the difference between socialism and communism. #### 4. The emergence of modern imperialism Initially imperialism and colonialism were developed with the spirit of conquest and triumph, even the spirit to spread Christianity. After the industrial revolution, the paradigm of imperialism turned into a more motivated economy based on industrialization. Colonies are needed as a place for the availability of sources of raw materials needed by the industry. After that the colony was used as a place to market the results of the industry. In subsequent developments, modern imperialism glanced at the colonies as a place of investment (investment). This was done with the aim of further empowering colonies, so that the imperialist state could increase revenues from the field of industrialization that developed in the colonies. After the industrial revolution, there was a population explosion which was quite severe in Europe. The explosion of the population caused increasingly crowded urban areas in Europe. This eventually pushed European countries to move the excess population to the colonies. Between the years 1815-1914 there was a migration of around 60 million Europeans to various colonies in the world. __ ___ ### Thanks @sunbahri